TEXTURE ======= Python object: ``phenotypic.schema._texture.TEXTURE`` Second-order texture features derived from the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). All features assume normalized GLCMs computed at one or more pixel offsets and averaged across directions unless otherwise noted. Values depend on quantization, window size, and scale; interpret ranges comparatively within the same imaging setup. Textures are calculated along the 0, 45, 90, and 135 degree axes across the surface of an object. This is denoted by the axis placeholder. The texture is also computed along different scales in the image, and this scale can be converted to real distance measurements using the px-per-mm conversion. If your image's are from ExFAB BioFoundry we provide this for you, otherwise it can be found using ImageJ. As an example, a scale of 10 with 40 px-per-mm means that the measurement is the texture measured across every 0.25 mm on the surface of an object. .. list-table:: Category: **Texture** :header-rows: 1 * - Column label - Description - Type * - ``Texture_AngularSecondMoment`` - Angular second moment (energy / uniformity). Measures the degree of local homogeneity (Σ p(i,j)²). High values → uniform texture (e.g., smooth, yeast-like colonies with consistent mycelial density). Low values → heterogeneous surfaces (e.g., sectored, wrinkled, or mixed sporulation zones). Reflects colony surface regularity rather than brightness. - :bdg-ref-warning:`Tier 3 · Discriminative feature ` * - ``Texture_Contrast`` - Contrast (local intensity variation; Σ (i–j)² p(i,j)). High values indicate strong gray-level differences (e.g., sharply defined rings, radial sectors, raised or folded regions). Low values indicate gradual tonal changes or uniformly pigmented colonies. Quantifies visual roughness and zonation amplitude. - :bdg-ref-warning:`Tier 3 · Discriminative feature ` * - ``Texture_Correlation`` - Linear gray-level correlation between neighboring pixels. Positive, high values suggest structured spatial dependence (e.g., oriented radial hyphae or concentric patterns); near-zero values indicate uncorrelated, disordered growth (e.g., diffuse cottony mycelium). Sensitive to illumination gradients and directional GLCM computation. - :bdg-ref-warning:`Tier 3 · Discriminative feature ` * - ``Texture_HaralickVariance`` - GLCM variance (Σ (i–μ)² p(i,j)). Captures spread of co-occurring gray-level pairs, distinct from raw intensity variance. High values → complex, multi-zone textures with variable hyphal/spore densities. Low values → consistent gray-level relationships and simpler colony surfaces. - :bdg-ref-warning:`Tier 3 · Discriminative feature ` * - ``Texture_InverseDifferenceMoment`` - Homogeneity (Σ p(i,j) / (1 + (i–j)²)). High values → smooth, locally uniform textures (e.g., glabrous colonies, uniform aerial mycelium). Low values → abrupt gray-level changes (e.g., granular sporulation, wrinkled surfaces). Typically inversely correlated with Contrast. - :bdg-ref-warning:`Tier 3 · Discriminative feature ` * - ``Texture_SumAverage`` - Mean of gray-level sums (Σ k·p_{x+y}(k)). Reflects the average intensity combination of neighboring pixels. In fungal colonies, can loosely parallel mean colony brightness when illumination and exposure are controlled, but remains a second-order rather than first-order intensity metric. - :bdg-ref-warning:`Tier 3 · Discriminative feature ` * - ``Texture_SumVariance`` - Variance of gray-level sum distribution. High values → heterogeneous brightness zones (e.g., alternating dense/sparse or pigmented/non-pigmented regions). Low values → uniform tone across the colony. Often correlated with Contrast; use comparatively within one setup. - :bdg-ref-warning:`Tier 3 · Discriminative feature ` * - ``Texture_SumEntropy`` - Entropy of the gray-level sum distribution. High values → diverse brightness combinations and irregular zonation. Low values → repetitive or periodic brightness patterns (e.g., evenly spaced rings). Indicates spatial unpredictability of summed intensities. - :bdg-ref-warning:`Tier 3 · Discriminative feature ` * - ``Texture_Entropy`` - Global GLCM entropy (–Σ p(i,j)·log p(i,j)). Measures total texture disorder and information content. High values → complex, irregular colony surfaces (powdery, fuzzy, or sectored growth). Low values → simple, smooth, predictable patterns (glabrous or uniform colonies). Sensitive to gray-level quantization and image dynamic range. - :bdg-ref-warning:`Tier 3 · Discriminative feature ` * - ``Texture_DiffVariance`` - Variance of gray-level difference distribution. High values → mixture of smooth and textured regions (e.g., smooth margins with wrinkled centers). Low values → consistent edge content. Highlights heterogeneity in edge magnitude across the colony. - :bdg-ref-warning:`Tier 3 · Discriminative feature ` * - ``Texture_DiffEntropy`` - Entropy of gray-level difference distribution. High values → irregular, unpredictable intensity transitions (e.g., random sporulation or uneven mycelial networks). Low values → regular periodic transitions (e.g., concentric zonation). Reflects randomness of local contrast rather than its magnitude. - :bdg-ref-warning:`Tier 3 · Discriminative feature ` * - ``Texture_InfoCorrelation1`` - Information measure of correlation 1. Compares joint vs marginal entropies to quantify mutual dependence between gray levels. Positive values → structured, predictable textures (e.g., organized radial growth); near-zero → independence between adjacent regions. Direction of sign varies with implementation. - :bdg-ref-warning:`Tier 3 · Discriminative feature ` * - ``Texture_InfoCorrelation2`` - Information measure of correlation 2 (√[1 – exp(–2 (H_xy2–H_xy))]). Always ≥ 0. Values approaching 1 → strong spatial dependence and organized architecture (e.g., symmetric rings, radial structure). Values near 0 → random, independent patterns. Captures nonlinear organization missed by linear correlation. - :bdg-ref-warning:`Tier 3 · Discriminative feature `